Hamme et al. (2017) Labrador Sea database, version 1.0 Data Originators: Roberta Hamme, Steven Emerson, and Igor Yashayaev Date: 23 September 2017 This database contains the data on dissolved gas measurements published in Roberta C. Hamme, Steven R. Emerson, Jeffrey P. Severinghaus, Matthew C. Long, and Igor Yashayaev (2017) Using noble gas measurements to derive air-sea process information and predict physical gas saturations, Geophysical Research Letters, doi:10.1002/2017GL075123. This data is provided free for educational and non-profit research purposes. We ask that you appropriately cite this publication in any work that uses this database. Please also send an e-mail to rhamme@uvic.ca, letting me know that you have downloaded the data, so that I can keep you apprised of any further corrections or changes. If you discover what you believe to be an error in the database, it is your responsibility to send an e-mail to me at rhamme@uvic.ca before using the data in a publication. Both MatLab .mat databases and comma-delimited .csv text files are provided. These two formats contain identical information. The data from the paper is listed in order of collection (date). Different cruises can be identified by the cruisename or date. NaN = missing data. Both noble gas and N2/Ar data are quality controlled with a restriction on the standard deviation of the duplicates. Only data where both duplicates were analyzed successfully and where their standard deviation was less than three times the pooled standard deviation are included. Both duplicates are present in the database. See paper for more details. Variable naming convention: lat or latitude - The latitude of the station in oN. lon or longitude - The longitude of the station in oE. Negative numbers indicate oW. event - number of the cast event that the water samples were drawn from. niskin - number of the niskin that the water samples were drawn from. date - This is the approximate date that samples were collected. In the MatLab database this is in the MatLab datenum format. In the csv files it is listed as separate year, month, and date. cruisename - cell array of strings in MatLab, enclosed in single quotes in csv file. The EXPO number is listed first, followed by a colon, followed by colloquial cruise names, followed by a colon, followed by the ship name. For the AR7W cruises, the second colloquial cruise name is the Bedford Institute of Oceanography cruise designation, and the third colloquial cruise name is the cruise designation in the Fisheries and Ocean Canada MEDS database. For the July 2015 data, the first colloquial cruise name is the GEOTRACES cruise designation and the second is the internal ArcticNet number. press - Pressure in dbar. CTDtemp - in situ temperature measured by the CTD (AR7W cruises: finalized CTD data is an average of downcasts and upcasts within 10dbar of the pressure where the niskin bottle closed, GEOTRACES cruise: finalized CTD data from rosette bottle file) in oC on the ITS-90 Temperature Scale. CTDsal - salinity measured by the CTD (AR7W cruises: finalized CTD data is an average of downcasts and upcasts within 10dbar of the pressure where the niskin bottle closed, GEOTRACES cruise: finalized CTD data from rosette bottle file), expressed on the PSS-78 scale. Ne- Ne concentration in umol/kg determined by combining mass spectrometric Ne/Ar ratio measurements with absolute Ar concentrations by Ar isotope dilution with 38Ar. As discussed in the paper, the Ne method uses a helium balance gas but is otherwise similar to that of Hamme, R.C., and J.P. Severinghaus (2007) "Trace gas disequilibria during deep-water formation", Deep Sea Research I, 54(6), p. 939-950. Standard gases are calibrated relative to air with assumed dry mole fractions of 1.818e-5 for Ne. Ar- Ar concentration in umol/kg determined by Ar isotope dilution with 38Ar. As discussed in the paper, the 2007 measurements follow Hamme, R.C., and J.P. Severinghaus (2007) "Trace gas disequilibria during deep-water formation", Deep Sea Research I, 54(6), p. 939-950, while the later measurements use a similar method but with a helium balance gas. Standard gases are calibrated relative to air with assumed dry mole fractions of 9.34e-3 for Ar. Kr- Kr concentration in umol/kg determined by combining mass spectrometric Kr/Ar ratio measurements with absolute Ar concentrations by Ar isotope dilution with 38Ar. As discussed in the paper, the 2007 measurements follow Hamme, R.C., and J.P. Severinghaus (2007) "Trace gas disequilibria during deep-water formation", Deep Sea Research I, 54(6), p. 939-950, while the later measurements use a similar method but with a helium balance gas. Standard gases are calibrated relative to air with assumed dry mole fractions of 1.141e-6 for Kr. N2Ar - N2/Ar ratio determined by mass spectrometry with no units. Samples from 2007 were analyzed at Scripps Institution of Oceanography by purification with heated copper to remove oxygen following Kobashi, T., J.P. Severinghaus, and K. Kawamura (2008) ÒArgon and nitrogen isotopes of trapped air in the GISP2 ice core during the Holocene epoch (0-11,500 B.P.): Methodology and implications for gas loss processes, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 72 (19), 4675-4686, doi:10.1016/j.gca.2008.07.006. Measurements from later years were analyzed at University of Victoria following Emerson et al. (1999) "Accurate measurement of O2, N2, and Ar gases in water and the solubility of N2", Marine Chemistry, volume 64, p. 337-347. Standard gases are calibrated relative to air with assumed dry mole fractions of 9.34e-3 for Ar and 0.78084 for N2. N2Ar_UW - Same as for N2Ar but for data analyzed at University of Washington following a method that includes a 36Ar spike but otherwise follows Emerson et al. (1999) "Accurate measurement of O2, N2, and Ar gases in water and the solubility of N2", Marine Chemistry, volume 64, p. 337-347. Standard gases are calibrated relative to air with assumed dry mole fractions of 9.34e-3 for Ar and 0.78084 for N2. depth - Depth in meters. ptmp - Potential temperature in oC and referenced to the surface. sigma-theta - Potential density of the seawater expressed in sigma units and referenced to the surface. watermass - Water mass for each sample identified using potential temperature and salinity data. 1 = LSW (Labrador Sea Water), 2 = IC (Irminger Current), 3 = ISW (Icelandic Slope Water), 4 = NEADW (NorthEast Atlantic Deep Water), 5 = DSOW (Denmark Strait Overflow Water), 6 = transitional water masses. Nesat - Saturation anomaly of Ne in percent. 0% indicates that the Ne concentration is equal to that expected at equilibrium for the potential temperature and salinity of the water. ie. Nesat = (Ne/Neeq - 1) *100 The Ne saturation anomaly is calculated relative to the solubility curve of Hamme, R.C., S.R. Emerson (2004) "The solubility of neon, nitrogen and argon in distilled water and seawater", Deep-Sea Research I, 51(11), p. 1517-1528. Arsat - Saturation anomaly of Ar in percent. 0% indicates that the Ar concentration is equal to that expected at equilibrium for the potential temperature and salinity of the water. ie. Arsat = (Ar/Areq - 1) *100 The Ar saturation anomaly is calculated relative to the solubility curve of Hamme, R.C., S.R. Emerson (2004) "The solubility of neon, nitrogen and argon in distilled water and seawater", Deep-Sea Research I, 51(11), p. 1517-1528. Krsat - Saturation anomaly of Kr in percent. 0% indicates that the Kr concentration is equal to that expected at equilibrium for the potential temperature and salinity of the water. ie. Krsat = (Kr/Kreq - 1) *100 Kr saturation anomaly is calculated relative to the solubility curve of Weiss, R.F., and T.K. Kyser (1978) "Solubility of Krypton in Water and SeawaterÓ, Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 23(1), 69-72. N2Arsat - Saturation anomaly of N2/Ar ratio in percent. N2/Ar ratio determined by mass spectrometry divided by the equilibrium ratio for the potential temperature and salinity of the water - 1 * 100, ie. N2Arsat = ((N2/Ar) / (N2eq/Areq) - 1) * 100. N2/Ar saturation anomaly is calculated relative to the solubility curves of Hamme, R.C., S.R. Emerson (2004) "The solubility of neon, nitrogen and argon in distilled water and seawater", Deep-Sea Research I, 51(11), p. 1517-1528. N2Arsat_UW - Same as for N2Arsat but for data analyzed at University of Washington.